The principle of carbon graphite mainly includes its formation process and physical and chemical properties.
Formation principle
The formation of carbon graphite is mainly achieved by high-temperature treatment of carbon materials. Under high temperature environment, carbon atoms rearrange and combine, changing from disordered structure to ordered layered structure to form graphite. The specific process includes the following steps:
Isolate air and strengthen heat: Heat the carbon element at high temperature to avoid oxidation reaction.
Carbide conversion mechanism: Carbon material forms carbide with various minerals, and then decomposes into metal vapor and graphite at high temperature. These minerals act as catalysts in the graphitization process.
Recrystallization theory: There are extremely small graphite crystals in the carbon raw material. Under high temperature, these crystals are welded together by the uniqueness of carbon atoms to form larger graphite crystals.
Microcrystal growth theory: Under the action of heat, polycyclic aromatic compounds undergo a series of pyrolysis reactions, and finally generate huge aggregations of planar molecules, forming a randomly stacked hexagonal carbon network plane, that is, microcrystals.
Physical and chemical properties
Graphite is an allotrope of carbon, with each carbon atom connected to three other carbon atoms by covalent bonds. Each carbon atom still retains one free electron to transmit charge, so graphite can conduct electricity. It has stable chemical properties, is corrosion-resistant, and is not easy to react with acids, alkalis and other agents. The crystal structure of graphite is layered and composed of many hexagons, which makes it have good conductivity and lubricity.
